ciwon hip

Ɗaya daga cikin alamun yau da kullum wanda marasa lafiya suka zo wurin likita shine ciwo a cikin haɗin gwiwa. Ba za a iya gano dalilai, magani, da cututtukan da ke haifar da irin wannan bayyanar ba tare da ƙwararrun kulawar likita ba. Rashin jin daɗi a kowane bangare na tsarin musculoskeletal na iya nuna ci gaban cututtuka masu tsanani, don haka rashin aiki na haɗin gwiwa na hip bai kamata a yi watsi da shi ba.

Anatomy na yankin haɗin gwiwa na hip

Ƙungiyar hip yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin motsa jiki. Wannan yana daya daga cikin mafi girman haɗin gwiwar ɗan adam, wanda zai iya jure wa nauyi mai nauyi a tsaye, da kuma lokacin tafiya madaidaiciya.

Kasusuwan da ke samar da haɗin gwiwa

An kafa haɗin gwiwa na hip ta kan femur da acetabulum na ƙashin ƙashin ƙashin ƙugu - mafi iko da mafi girma na kwarangwal na mutum. Matsakaicin adadin abubuwan anatomical na haɗin gwiwa yana tabbatar da ƙarfinsa da amincinsa, ikon jure nauyin jiki yayin motsi. Yawancin cututtuka na haɗin gwiwa na hip suna farawa tare da lalacewa ga acetabulum, ɓangaren da ba shi da motsi na haɗin gwiwa. An siffata shi kamar kwano, tsakiyarsa yana tsaye zuwa sama a wani ɗan ƙaramin kusurwa, wanda ke tabbatar da rarraba kaya tsakanin ƙasusuwan pelvic.

Kogon glenoid wani tsari ne mai ƙarfi kuma mai ƙarfi, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan ƙasusuwan ƙashin ƙugu guda uku:

• gida
• ischial
• jama'a

Yankin da ya fi rauni a cikin rami na articular yana cikin yara waɗanda naman kashi ba su da ƙarfi sosai. Saboda kasancewar ƙananan ƙasusuwa a gefen soket, shugaban femur yana nutsewa gaba ɗaya a cikin "kwano", wanda ke ba da goyon baya mai karfi ga sashin jiki. Sashin motsi na haɗin gwiwa shine femur (kai, wuyansa, mafi girma da ƙananan trochanters). Siffar kai yayi daidai da ramin rami na articular. An rufe shi da nama na guringuntsi, wanda ke tabbatar da daidaitattun daidaitattun abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da zamewar su ba tare da hana su ba. A tsakiyar kai akwai ligament mai ƙarfi wanda ke haɗa kashi zuwa acetabulum, yana ba da ƙarin riko da tallafi.

Wuyan yana fitowa daga kan femur a wani kusurwa mai banƙyama, wanda ke tabbatar da motsi na haɗin gwiwa da kuma rarraba kayan aiki tsakanin sassan. Masu taurin kai tsinkaya ne na kasusuwa wanda aka manne tsokar tsoka.

Yadudduka da sifofi

Ana tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullum na haɗin gwiwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kowannensu yana yin ayyuka masu dacewa.

Samar da jini, aiki da raguwar hankali na haɗin gwiwa ana samar da su ta:

1. Ƙunƙasa da tendons suna kewaye da haɗin gwiwa ta kowane bangare, suna rufewa da kare femur da wuyansa, da kuma soket kanta.
2. Guraguwa yana rufe kan femur da wani ɓangare na acetabulum.
3. Yankunan subcartilaginous sune nama na kasusuwa da ke kunshe da sel da abubuwan haɗin kai.
4. Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ko capsule shine tushen ɓoye na musamman - ruwan synovial don shafan sassan haɗin gwiwa.
5. The acetabular labrum ya haɗu da gefen acetabulum da maɗaukakiyar ligament.

Ana ba da haɗin gwiwa na hip tare da abubuwan gina jiki ta hanyar keɓantaccen hanyar sadarwa na tasoshin ruwa da arteries. Ana ba da jini ga sassan ciki na haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar reshe na acetabular na artery obturator, kuma ana ciyar da capsules, ligaments da tsokoki da ke kewaye da su ta hanyar zurfin arteries na cinya da gindi.

Hanyoyin halittar jiki da ke kusa da haɗin gwiwa na hip

Sau da yawa dalilin ciwo a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip shine lalacewa ga tsarin jiki wanda ke kusa da shi. Waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗa da:

1. Skin da subcutaneous nama - m rufe jiki
2. Tsokoki na cinya, ƙashin ƙugu, ƙananan baya da gindi suna ba da motsin haɗin gwiwa kuma suna ƙarfafa shi daga waje.
3. Extra-articular ligaments - yin aikin ƙarfafawa, wanda ke kusa da capsule na haɗin gwiwa
4. Periarticular bursae su ne nau'in nama mai haɗawa waɗanda ke hana gogayya tsakanin kyawu masu taushi da wuya

Abubuwan haɗari

Hanyoyin kumburi a cikin yankin pelvic suna faruwa saboda lalacewar injiniya ko lalacewa ga wasu nau'in kwayoyin cuta. A wannan yanayin, duka abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da tsarin halittar jiki da ke kewaye da su za a iya fallasa su zuwa tasirin cutar.

A matsayinka na mai mulki, ɗaya ko fiye da tsarin yana ƙonewa:

• fata
• tsokoki
• ligaments (karin-jigon, kawunan femoral)
• periarticular bursae
• TBS capsule
• guringuntsi
• acetabular labrum
• yankunan subcartilaginous

Ciwo a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip sau da yawa ana haifar da shi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa waɗanda ke haifar da haɓakar cututtukan cututtukan fata. Wasu dalilai kuma suna da yawa:

• cututtuka na tsarin rigakafi
• raunin haɗin gwiwa saboda yawan aiki na jiki
• tsufa
• cututtuka na rayuwa
• sauran cututtuka

Siffofin ciwo

Lokacin gano ciwon hip, ƙarin bayyanar cututtuka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, wanda zai iya nuna tushen dalilin matsalar.

Jin zafi a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip kuma yana haskakawa zuwa kafa

Idan ciwo daga ciwon haɗin gwiwa ya haskaka zuwa makwancin gwaiwa, gwiwoyi ko duwawu, to tabbas matsalar tana faruwa ne ta hanyar lalacewar jijiyar da ke shigar da yankin ƙafar ƙafa saboda ɗaya daga cikin dalilai masu zuwa:

• ciwon haɗin gwiwa
• cututtuka na cututtuka - yana faruwa saboda lalacewa ta hanyar pathogen
• karaya na femur (a cikin kai ko wuyansa)
• Legg-Calvé-Perthes Pathology - necrosis na guringuntsi nama na femoral kai.
• yara epiphysiolysis - rushewar tsarin shugaban haɗin gwiwa da kumburinsa

Pain a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip, yana haskakawa zuwa kafa, na iya sigina pathologies na guringuntsi nama da periarticular Tsarin, rashin haɗin gwiwa lubrication, da kuma lalacewa ga synovial membrane. Alamun raɗaɗi na iya faruwa ba zato ba tsammani ko ƙara a hankali.

Jin zafi lokacin tafiya

Jin zafi a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip zai iya faruwa a lokacin tafiya idan acetabulum ya shiga cikin hulɗa da ƙwayar cartilaginous na kan femur, yana haifar da tsari mai kumburi. Dalilin wannan sabon abu zai iya zama lalacewa na injiniya, kumburi na tsarin jikin mutum wanda ke kusa da haɗin gwiwa.

Dangane da tsananin zafi a cikin haɗin gwiwa lokacin tafiya, zaku iya gano tushen matsalar:

• rashin jin daɗi da ke faruwa a farkon tafiya, sannu a hankali raguwa - alamar kumburi na bursa na periarticular.
• rashin jin daɗi wanda sannu a hankali ya karu daga lokacin da kuka fara tafiya - kumburi na sassan articular na haɗin gwiwa na hip
• ci gaba da ciwo mai tsanani, tare da rashin aiki na haɗin gwiwa - yana faruwa tare da raguwa da raguwa.
• zafi yana faruwa kusa da dare - sakamakon nakasar guringuntsi na kan femoral da (ko) acetabulum, wanda ke shafa juna kuma ya zama kumburi.
• zafi na matsakaicin tsanani alama ce ta ƙananan raunuka da raunuka

Jin zafi lokacin sace kafa

Jin zafi lokacin sace ƙafar ƙafa yana haifar da kumburi na kyallen takarda da tsarin da ke ba da motsi: tsokoki, bursae periarticular, tendons. Irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka sukan haifar da myositis (kumburi na tsoka nama), bursitis (kumburi na periarticular bursa), da kuma tendinitis (ƙumburi na tendons).

Dalilai

A mafi yawan lokuta, jin zafi a yankin pelvic yana haifar da majiyyaci yana da daya daga cikin matsalolin masu zuwa:

• amosanin gabbai
• coxarthrosis
• bursitis na trochanteric bursa
• tendinitis
• cututtuka na cututtuka
• cututtuka na gado
• samuwar ƙari a cikin yankin ƙashin ƙugu

Ba tare da magani na lokaci ba, kowane ɗayan waɗannan dalilai na iya haifar da rikitarwa mai tsanani, ciki har da asarar motsi na haɗin gwiwa.

Arthritis

Arthritis (coxitis) cuta ce ta haɗin gwiwa wanda ke haifar da rikicewar tsarin rigakafi ko lalata ƙwayoyin cuta: ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Alamun Arthritis:

• yawan zafin jiki
• zafi da kumburi a yankin haɗin gwiwa
• rashin lafiyar mota

Cutar tana faruwa a cikin m, subacute da na kullum siffofin.

Coxarthrosis

Wani suna don coxarthrosis shine osteoarthritis na haɗin gwiwa na hip. Wannan cuta tana faruwa ne ta hanyar rikice-rikice na rayuwa a cikin kyallen cartilaginous, wanda ke haifar da mutuwarsu. Dalilin wannan al'amari na iya zama rauni, rashin isasshen jini, yawan motsa jiki, shekaru sama da 45, da gado. Babban alamar cutar coxarthrosis shine zafi a cikin ƙananan baya, makwancin gwaiwa, da gindi, wanda sannu a hankali ya karu yayin aikin jiki kuma yana haifar da gurgu. Rashin jin daɗi yana raguwa yayin lokutan rashin aiki.

Bursitis na trochanteric bursa

Kasancewar wani tsari mai kumburi a cikin bursa (trochanteric bursa) yana nuna yanayin zafi mai tsanani a yankin haɗin gwiwa. 'Yan wasa da tsofaffi suna iya kamuwa da cutar. Babban alamar bursitis na trochanteric bursa shine zafi a cikin yanki mafi girma, wanda ya karu lokacin ƙoƙarin jingina akan ƙafar da aka shafa.

Tendinitis

Kumburi na tendons ana kiransa tendinitis. Wannan cuta ce da ke faruwa a cikin m ko na yau da kullun kuma yana haifar da canje-canje na lalacewa a cikin nama. Sau da yawa pathology yana faruwa a cikin 'yan wasan da ba sa bin dabarun gudu, da kuma bayan nauyi mai nauyi a kan tsokoki na hip.

Yawanci, tendinitis shine rikitarwa na wata cuta:

• thyroid pathology
• cututtuka na rayuwa
• amosanin gabbai
• arthrosis
• tsarin kumburi na tsarin tsari ko asalin cututtuka
• dysplasia na hip

Tendonitis yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi a lokacin motsi, zafi, canje-canje a cikin gait, da danna lokacin tafiya a yankin haɗin gwiwa.

Cututtuka

Wasu cututtuka masu yaduwa suna haifar da kumburi na kyallen haɗin gwiwa, da kuma tsarin jikin jiki na kusa, yana haifar da ciwo mai tsanani a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip. Mafi sau da yawa, wadannan pathologies suna da irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka:

1. Aseptic necrosis na kan femoral shine rushewar samar da jini zuwa yankin makwancin gwaiwa, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar nama. Ciwon da ke tattare da wannan cuta yana da tsanani kuma mai tsanani. Matsalar ta fi yawa a cikin maza.
2. Cutar sankarau cuta ce mai tsanani da ke buƙatar magani nan da nan. Idan ba ku nemi taimakon likita da sauri ba, sepsis na iya faruwa. Alamun da ke da alaƙa sune buguwa gabaɗaya, zafi da kumburi a yankin haɗin gwiwa da ya shafa, wahala a cikin aikin motsa jiki.
3. Tuberculous arthritis ya zama ruwan dare a cikin yara kuma yana da saurin ci gaba. Alamun da ke da alaƙa sun haɗa da ƙara gajiya, rage yawan aikin motsa jiki, da atrophy na tsoka. Zafin sãɓãwar launukansa yana ƙaruwa lokacin da kumburin purulent ya faru.

Hanyoyin cututtuka na haɗin gwiwa na hip suna haifar da rikice-rikice masu tsanani kuma saboda haka suna buƙatar magani na gaggawa.

Cututtukan gado

Hanyoyin cututtuka na gado na haɗin gwiwa na hip yawanci suna bayyana a tsakanin shekarun 1 zuwa 10 shekaru, kuma ana nuna su ta hanyar canje-canje na pathological a cikin nama na glenoid cavity da / ko shugaban femur. Mafi yawan cututtukan gado da ke shafar haɗin gwiwa na hip shine ciwo na Legg-Calvé-Perthes, wanda ke da zafi da tashin hankali saboda mutuwar ƙwayar guringuntsi na haɗin gwiwa.

Ciwon daji na kasusuwa da laushin kyallen takarda

Ƙarƙashin ƙwayar cuta ko rashin lafiya na kashi da laushi mai laushi a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip zai iya haifar da ciwo lokacin tafiya ko lokacin hutawa. Ciwon daji zai iya faruwa a cikin kyallen takarda (osteomyelitis), ƙwayoyin cartilaginous (chondroblastoma, chondroma), osteochondral tissues (osteochondroma). A matsayinka na mai mulki, neoplasms suna haifar da rashin jin daɗi kuma ana jin su akan palpation. Ana kula da ciwace-ciwacen daji ta hanyar tiyata, wasu daga cikinsu na iya rikidewa zuwa ciwace-ciwacen daji.

Cututtuka masu laushi na cinya:

• lipoma
• rhabdomyoma
• fibroma
• hemangioma
• neuroma

Likitan oncologist yana da hannu wajen ganowa da kuma kula da ciwace-ciwacen daji a cikin kwatangwalo da ƙashin ƙugu.

Abin da za a yi

Tare da cututtuka masu tsanani na haɗin gwiwa na hip, mutum yana jin zafi mai tsanani. Rashin jin daɗi a yankin ƙashin ƙugu shine dalilin ziyartar wurin likita don dubawa da magani.

Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga tsananin zafi:

1. Huhu- faruwa tare da bruises bayan rauni. Ya kamata a shafa sanyi a wurin da ke ciwo don rage kumburi. Don rage zafi, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi marasa amfani. Yana da kyau a tuntubi likita.
2. Matsakaici- yawanci yana faruwa a cikin cututtuka na haɗin gwiwa na hip, tare da wahala a cikin aikin motsa jiki da kuma yawan zafin jiki. Rashin jin daɗi yana ƙaruwa yayin aikin jiki. Wajibi ne a tuntuɓi likitan rheumatologist.
3. Mai ƙarfi- taso saboda tarwatsewa da karaya. Tare da iyakancewa ko rashin yiwuwar aikin jiki. A lokuta na ciwo mai tsanani a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip wanda ya haifar da rauni, ya kamata ka tuntuɓi motar asibiti.

Akwai girke-girke na jama'a da yawa waɗanda ake amfani da su don ciwo a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa dukansu sun dace da maganin bayyanar cututtuka da rage ciwo, amma ba zai taimaka wajen kawar da dalilin matsalar ba. Ana gudanar da ingantaccen magani ne kawai a ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararren likita.

Wane likita zan tuntubi?

Idan kuna jin zafi a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip, ya kamata ku tuntuɓi likitan danginku ko babban likita, wanda zai tura ku zuwa ga gwani. Ana magance cututtuka na tsarin musculoskeletal:

• likitan traumatologist- ciwo a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip saboda aikin jiki, sprains, faduwa da sauran raunuka
• rheumatologist- farawar ciwon haɗin gwiwa ba tare da wani dalili ba

Hakanan kuna iya buƙatar tuntuɓar wasu likitoci: likitan fiɗa, likitan oncologist, ƙwararren cututtukan cututtuka, da sauransu.

Bincike

Mataki na farko mai mahimmanci don gano ciwo a cikin haɗin gwiwa shine jarrabawar waje, wanda dole ne ya haɗa da ɗaukar anamnesis da palpation. Dangane da tsananin cutar da gunaguni na majiyyaci, an tsara gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin gano kayan aiki:

• rediyo- amfani da x-ray don bincika takamaiman yanki na jiki
• CT da MRI- hanyoyin zamani daidaitattun hanyoyin bincike waɗanda ke ba ku damar samun cikakkun hotuna masu ba da labari na haɗin gwiwa da yankin da ke kewaye da shi
• nazarin microbiological na samfurin kayan halittaba da damar gano gaban ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta: ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta
• gwajin jini na rigakafi- yana ba ku damar gano cututtuka na rigakafi, ƙayyade kasancewar wasu autoantibodies
• arthroscopy (na binciken endoscopic)- jarrabawa ta amfani da bincike, yiwuwar ɗaukar samfurin nama na haɗin gwiwa don ƙarin bincike
• dakin gwaje-gwaje gwajin jini- Ɗaukar samfurin ruwan ciki a lokacin huda tare da gano abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka a cikinsa, bincikar rashin haihuwa.

Yin amfani da hanyoyin bincike da yawa a hade yana ba mu damar gano dalilin ciwo a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip tare da babban daidaito.

Magani

Maganin jin zafi a cikin haɗin gwiwa ya kamata a rubuta ta likita bisa ga jarrabawa da ganewar asali. A matsayinka na mai mulki, an ba da izinin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi ko tiyata.

Magani

Maganin jin zafi a cikin haɗin gwiwa ya kamata ya zama cikakke, da nufin kawar da bayyanar cututtuka, kuma mafi mahimmanci, kawar da dalilin matsalar. Don wannan dalili, ana amfani da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da:

• magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal- taimakawa rage zafi, rage kumburi
• yana nufin inganta microcirculation- taimaka mayar da jini wurare dabam dabam da kuma gina jiki na hadin gwiwa kyallen takarda
• chondroprotectors- inganta mayar da guringuntsi nama
• tsoka relaxants- rage zafi, inganta jini a cikin yankin da ya lalace
• magungunan hormonal- don rage zafi da kuma kashe kumburi

A cikin maganin ciwo a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip, hanyoyin ilimin lissafi suna da tasiri sosai: tausa, acupuncture, cryo- da laser far. Hakanan ana amfani da motsa jiki na musamman na warkewa da kuma maganin hannu.

Tiyata

Ana nuna aikin tiyata a cikin lokuta masu tasowa lokacin da magani na ra'ayin mazan jiya bai taimaka wa mai haƙuri ba. Wannan ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare ko cikakken maye gurbin haɗin gwiwa mara lafiya tare da prosthesis.

Rigakafi

Rage nauyi akan ƙafafu zai rage tafiyar matakai na pathological a cikin haɗin gwiwa, don haka ana ba da shawarar mutanen da ke da kiba su fara rasa nauyi.

Matakan rigakafin za su taimaka rage jin zafi a cikin haɗin gwiwa na hip:

• tafiya akai-akai
• physiotherapy
• abinci mai gina jiki mai cike da bitamin A, C, E

Shawarwarin lokaci tare da likita a farkon matakan cutar yana ƙaruwa da tasiri na jiyya kuma yana rage haɗarin rikitarwa da mummunan sakamako ga jiki.